Thyriod gland

The thyroid gland is one of the largest endocrine glands and consists of two lobes in the neck resembling in shape the uniqueness of butterfly wings below the thyroid cartilage), which is the emergence of the larynx or "Adam's Apple (and contain special cells located in cystic cells called linings, these cells are responsible for the secretion of thyroid hormones (thyroxine T4 and triiodothyronine T3) these hormones regulating growth, and many other systems in the body. The thyroid also produces alkalsitonin, which plays an important part in calcium balance. And regulates the production of thyroid hormones by thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) produced by the anterior pituitary, which itself is organized for thyrotropin (TRH) produced by the hypothalamus. Offer you educate yourself on the site all about hypothyroidism and causes and treatment of hypothyroidism


Histological: gland on 20-30 million the follicle, called thyroid follicles composed of two types of cells: cells algribih, adjacent cells to the follicle.

Algribih cells: cells ranging in shape between simple columnar and similarity in installed mobile cells that produce, secrete, suck, or break the proteins in the basal side which contains a rough grid, qomi side which contains Golgi apparatus.

The neighboring follicle cells: and be bigger than its predecessor, and may be present between the algribih cells or in their own pools, features network hiolih invisible jagged small Golgi apparatus, as characterized by secretory granules which contain hormone; the cells responsible for the secretion of the hormone (calcitonin).

As for bursitis in General: they vary greatly in size and shape of the cells around them, ranging from small to large, and their cells may be squamous, cuboidal or columnar (minor gland activity when most cells with squamous shape) inside this sleeve there are gelatinous liquid composed of glycoprotein (TG) is called balghrwani (or colloid) surrounded the pouch with a dense network of blood vessels and lymphatic vessels almnovzah to allow large Exchange of materials between the blood and the Bursa.


Her job:
Thyroid gland contains cells secrete chemicals called hormones. Produces 2 of basic thyroid hormones (T4), triiodothyronine and thyroxine (T3), T4 is being produced are much larger amounts of T3

T3 is the hormone activity. T4, less active so most of T4 must be converted to T3 before it can be used by the body. This conversion occurs in certain organs) mainly in the liver (tissues, and extremely important to the overall functioning of the body.

These hormones act as chemical messages and provide guidance to various tissues and organs through the bloodstream, the thyroid gland is responsible for the speed of metabolism) metabolism and chemical processes (in our bodies, by affecting each cell systems and tissues and organs. thyroid is essential for life and growth and development.

Thyroid hormones affect body temperature and circulation, appetite, and energy levels, growth, and development of the skeleton, muscle, agility, and heart rate) and power output (and fluid balance, and blood sugar levels, the function of the central nervous system, bowel function, and fat in the blood) cholesterol (and regulation of metabolism of fats, carbohydrates and proteins in all cells.

Controls the amount of T3 and T4 produced by the thyroid gland of the pituitary gland at the base of the brain. Through the activation of thyroid hormone (TSH) levels of T3 T4 low, the pituitary gland secretes more TSH. When levels of T4 and T3, the pituitary gland secretes TSH is lower.
Causes of thyroid problems:
Several reasons lead to overgrowth in thyroid secretions include:

1. graves ' disease: a disease the immune system, and is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism.

2. adenomas: thyroid tumors increases the secretion of thyroid hormones, and prejudice the chemical balance in your body.

3. pituitary tumors or precancerous tumors in the thyroid gland. In rare cases, it can be also hyperthyroidism due to these reasons.

Causes of hypothyroidism include:

1. Hashimoto disease: a disease results from an autoimmune disorder, the body's immune system attacks the thyroid tissues, leading to low thyroid hormone.

2. remove the thyroid. The thyroid gland can be removed surgically or chemically destroyed as a treatment for hyperthyroidism.

3. exposure to excessive amounts of iodine: cold and sinus medicines, walamiodaron or some pigments that give before x-rays expose you to a lot of iodine. So it may be at greater risk for thyroid, especially if you have thyroid problems in the past.

4. lithium: this drug has to do with thyroid malfunction.

Hyper secretion of the thyroid:
Hyper thyroid secretion occurs when producing a lot of T4 and/or T3. Diagnosis and treatment of the underlying cause of relieving symptoms and preventing complications. Make sure you tell your doctor if there is a family history of this condition causes:

1. graves ' disease (Graves ' Disease):
Named after the doctor who prescribed for the first time in more than 150 years, is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism is autoimmune disorder occurs when attacking the body's immune system mistakenly thyroid which leads to stimulate the production of the hormone responsible for regulating metabolism.
Hereditary disease can develop at any age when men or women, but is more common in women over the age of 20. Other risk factors include stress, pregnancy, and smoking.

Symptoms of graves ' disease:
With a high level of thyroid hormone in the blood, the body works quickly and cause symptoms that are common with hyperthyroidism. The symptoms are not specific, which means that they are common to other circumstances, and may include:
• Anxiety
• Irritability
• Fatigue
• Increased or irregular heartbeat
• Excessive sweating
• Difficulty sleeping
• Diarrhea or frequent bowel movements
• Irregular menstrual cycle
• Goiter

Eye symptoms
Bulging eyes
Red eyes
Swollen eyelids
Sensitivity to light
Ulcers, double vision, blurred vision (less common)
Redness and swelling of the skin

Diagnosis of graves ' disease:
There is a simple physical test can reveal goiter, or bulging eyes, signs of increased metabolism, including rapid pulse and high blood pressure. The doctor will also call for blood tests to check for high levels of thyroxine (T4) and low levels of thyroid hormone (TSH), both signs of graves ' disease. It can also be used radioactive iodine to measure iodine uptake by the thyroid and high absorption of iodine is a sign of graves ' disease.

Treatment of graves ' disease:
– There is no treatment to stop the immune system from attacking the thyroid gland. However, the symptoms of graves ' disease can be controlled, and often with a combination of treatments include heart medication, anxiety and sweating.

-Prescribed thyroid medications to prevent the thyroid from producing excessive amounts of the hormone. Often used radioactive iodine to destroy all or part of the thyroid and render it unable to produce thyroid hormone.

-Surgery to remove the thyroid is an option for patients who cannot afford antiretroviral drugs for thyroid or radioactive iodine.

Note:
If the disease is left untreated, it can lead to heart problems, osteoporosis. But early detection is a chore, because the disease responds well to treatment, and patients usually positive. If treated with surgery, there is very little risk to the vocal cords because of its proximity to the thyroid gland.
In most cases after surgical treatment, the patient will resort to hormone replacement system in medicine, especially if you remove all or part of the thyroid gland during surgery.

Other causes of hyper secretion of thyroid hormones:
Inflammation of the thyroid gland.
Tumors of the ovaries or testicles.
Benign tumors in the thyroid or pituitary gland.
Eating large amounts of triiodothyronine T4 quadrilateral (through supplements or medications)

What you can do at home to improve your symptoms:
– Get the right amount of calories and sodium and calcium during and after treatment is important.
-A diet with a lot of calories can lead to weight gain or obesity.
– Talk to your doctor and get healthy tips to your daily diet, supplements, and exercise.
— Overactive thyroid can also cause osteoporosis so you can take vitamin D and calcium during and after treatment to help strengthen bones.

Hypothyroidism
Hypothyroidism occurs when less secretion of T4 and/or T3, is more common in women over age 50.
Causes:
The most common cause is inflammation of the thyroid gland. Swelling and inflammation and damage thyroid cells.
The causes of this problem:
1. the immune system attacking the thyroid gland so called Hashimoto disease (Hashimoto's Disease):

Hashimoto's disease symptoms:
Mild cases of Hashimoto's disease often do not show recognizable symptoms, and the disease can remain stable for years. Symptoms are often subtle, and it is not defined, which means that they mimic symptoms of many other symptoms, including:
Fatigue
Sleepy
Depression
Constipation
Weight gain
Dry skin and dry hair
Irregular menstrual cycle
Goiter (enlarged thyroid)

Tests and diagnosis of Hashimoto's disease:

Test the level of thyroid hormone (TSH) is often the first step when it detects any type of thyroid disorder. If the patient shows several of the above symptoms, the doctor may order a blood test to check TSH levels increase as well as decrease thyroid hormone levels (T3 or T4). Because Hashimoto's disease is an autoimmune disorder, a blood test also reveals the presence of abnormal antibodies that can attack the thyroid gland.

Diagnosis and treatment of Hashimoto's disease:
There is no known cure for the disease of Hashimoto. However, medicines are often used to replace thyroid hormone, thus reducing the symptoms of the disease. In rare cases of goiter surgery may be necessary to remove part or all of the thyroid gland. The disease develops slowly and usually if detected at an early stage, it is stable for years, and it is treated easily using hormone replacement therapy.

Viral infections (colds) or other respiratory infections
Pregnancy (often called thyroid inflammation after birth)